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Olivia Hooker
Dr. Olivia J. Hooker (born February 12, 1915) was the first African-American woman to enter the U.S. Coast Guard, which she did in February 1945.〔http://www.uscg.mil/history/people/HookerOliviaBio.pdf〕 She thus became a SPAR (Semper Paratus Always Ready), a member of the United States Coast Guard Women's Reserve, during World War II. She earned the Yeoman, Second Class rank during her service. She served in the Coast Guard until her unit disbanded in mid-1946.〔MacKay, Jenna (2013). Profile of Olivia Hooker. In A. Rutherford (Ed.), Psychology's Feminist Voices Multimedia Internet Archive. Retrieved from http://www.feministvoices.com/olivia-hooker/. Retrieved on 18 March 2015.〕
==Early life and education==
Hooker was born in Muskogee, Oklahoma on February 12, 1915. Ku Klux Klan members ransacked her home during the Tulsa race riot of 1921.〔 Later Hooker was a founder of the Tulsa Race Riot Commission in hopes of demanding reparations for the riot's survivors.〔 In 2003, she was among survivors of the riot to file an unsuccessful federal lawsuit seeking reparations.
After the riots, Hooker's family moved to Columbus, Ohio where earned her Bachelor of Arts in 1937 from Ohio State University. While at OSU, she joined the Delta Sigma Theta Sorority where she advocated for African-American women to be admitted to the navy. She received her Masters ten years later in 1947 from the Teachers College of Columbia University. In 1961, she received her PhD in psychology from the University of Rochester.〔MacKay, Jenna (2013). Profile of Olivia Hooker. In A. Rutherford (Ed.), Psychology's Feminist Voices Multimedia Internet Archive. Retrieved from http://www.feministvoices.com/olivia-hooker/. Retrieved on 18 March 2015.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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